{"product_id":"9783642714603","title":"Honeybees and Wax : An Experimental Natural History","description":"\u003cp\u003e§16§\"Instead of dirt and poison we have rather chosen to fill our hives with honey and wax; thus furnisning mankind with the two noblest of things, which are sweetness and light\". Mindful of Swift's dictum, this compilation is offered as an exhaustive coverage of a smallish literature on the synthesis and secretion of beeswax, its elaboration into combs and the factors which bear on the execution of these processes by honeybees. To codify any aspect of the biology of an animal of agricultural importance is to sift through myriad observations and experiments, centuries old, that come down to us enshrouded in the folk literature. It is evident that wars and languages have also acted as barriers to the dissemination of knowledge about honeybees. Thus, particular care has been given to the primacy of discovery and its con textual significance. I have endeavoured to not over-interpret data and to allow the authors' works to speak for themselves. I have also tried to indicate some of the mo §16§re obvious gaps in our knowledge of honeybees in relation to wax and to suggest some directions as to where we might proceed, aided by discoveries made on other animals and plants. This was done to remind the seasoned bee-hand of our general neglect of beeswax biology, historically constituting less than a percentage point of the apicultural literature. §04§1 Introduction.- I: The Nature and Production of Beeswax.- 2 The Origin of Beeswax: an Historical Perspective.- 3 Source of Secretion.- 4 Rise and Fall of the Epithelium.- 5 Composition and Synthesis of Beeswax.- 6 Food Conversion Ratios in the Production of Beeswax.- II: The Manipulation Of Wax By Honeybees.- 7 Manipulation of Wax Scales.- 8 Metamorphosis of Wax.- 9 The Construction of Cells.- 10 The Construction of Combs.- III: Stimuli for Production and Manipulation of Wax.- 11 The Nectar Flow.- 12 Pollen and Wax Production.- 13 The Brood Nest.- 14 The Queen.- 15 Space and Density.- References.- Author Index. §04§ulation of Wax Scales.- Removal of the Wax Scales(Casteel 1912).- The Scale-Removing Organ(Casteel 1912).- Mandibulation of the Scales.- Free Scales (Casteel 1912).- Partial Removal of Scales(Casteel 1912).- Producers and Builders(Casteel 1912).- 8 Metamorphosis of Wax.- The Structure of Virgin Scale Wax.- Optical and Diffraction Studies.- Crystallography.- Mechanical Properties of Wax.- Maturation of Newly Constructed Combs.- Foreign Substances.- 9 The Construction of Cells.- Minor Building Operations.- Inception of the Nest.- The Irregular Nature of Cells.- Recognition of Cell Patterns.- Interlude: Bigger Cells, Bigger Bees.- Assessment of Cell Size.- The Cell Base.- 10 The Construction of Combs.- Parallelism between Combs.- Festoons and Torsion.- Festoons and Comb Growth.- Evidence of a Sense of Equilibrium.- Application of the Sense of Equilibrium.- The Orientation of Combs.- III: Stimuli for Production and Manipulation of Wax.- 11 The Nectar Flow.- The Stimulus of Spring.- Wi §04§nter, the Off-Switch.- Nectar, the Unqualified Stimulus.- Hoarding Assays.- Comb as a Stimulus.- The Honey Stomach.- 12 Pollen and Wax Production.- Essential role of pollen.- Quantitative Requirements.- Compartmental Effects.- Physical Presence of Pollen.- Pollen Pheromones.- 13 The Brood Nest.- The Meaning of Brood.- Efficacy of Open Brood.- Brood-Rearing and Honey Storage.- 14 The Queen.- The Construction of Queen Cells.- Comb Construction and the Queen.- 15 Space and Density.- Nest Founding.- Volume of a Potential Nest.- The Arrangement of Space.- Density Versus Space.- Reduction of Nest Size.- Quality of Space.- References.- Author Index.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Springer Verlag","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42574679179339,"sku":"00000_00000_00000_00000","price":4242.74,"currency_code":"THB","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0641\/0023\/7387\/files\/9783642714603-1.jpg?v=1783509838","url":"https:\/\/kinokuniya.co.th\/products\/9783642714603","provider":"Books Kinokuniya Thailand","version":"1.0","type":"link"}